1. Tribosystem – is an open thermodynamic system. For it the balance between the inflow of energy and its feedback to the environment is the most important. If it is broken, the system reacts: it either destroys the old links, or forms the new ones – thus becomes structurally complicated – selforganizes.

2. Process of friction represents a set of a big number of acts of mechanical interaction of microroughnesses of the interfaced surfaces. The ledges of two sliding bodies receive an impact – elastic or plastic one. Therefore the equilibrium condition corresponding to a minimum of potential energy of the deformed zone is broken. Superficial and undersuperficial layers accumulate energy of elastic deformations that leads to change of mechanical properties of the surfaces of contacting bodies, their thermalphysical characteristics change. Because of the small volumes of such layers, values of the saved energy appear to be critical for the given modular condition of the substance — it passes into the special, superraised condition, named triboplasma. Triboplasma is an unstable formation and it relaxes fast, passing to initial conditions of the substance. Such transition is carried out stage-by-stage, and passes through a phase of formation of extremely reaction-pliable compounds possessing radical, ion-radical or ionic structure.

3. Such processes are accompanied by electrons emission from the surface of friction into the solution of a lubricant composite (LC) (LC=lubricant material (LM) + "SUPROTEC"). Electrons interbumping with the lubricant forming atoms and with the atoms of substances, injected as an additive – raise them. It leads to ionic disintegration of the active agent structure. The given process is the trigger mechanism the end result of which is formation of the protective films on the interfaced surfaces being in frictional interaction. Such films consist of tribochemical reaction products of the recombined ions of the initial substances. The consequence of the above described processes is selective adsorption of ions of an opposite sign (in this case these are very strong anions), completing a crystal lattice of the solid phase, onto the metal surface under the influence of coguezy forces. Due to specific features of the launched mechanisms “Suprotec” composition structure is equally effective both for protection of the surfaces of ferrous and from nonferrous metals.

. When “Suprotec” gets in a zone of friction together with the lubricant under the action of high pressures and temperatures that accompany the process of friction, ultramicrodisperse powder of iron carbide forms on the surfaces of the parts in a small amount (the result of presence in the initial structure of the PAV, including special carbon formations) which like the grinding skin eliminates former pollution (Fig. 1) from the surfaces. For this reason composition applying for the first time occurs into the old oil 500-1000 km before its change. As a result of oil change an abrasive powder and the dirt removed from the surface of friction with its help is deleted.

Figure I. – The scheme of mechanical cleaning of the surface of friction.

1. Crystal lattice of metal;
2. The superficial layer of the metal including oxidized films and containing a big number of non compensated links;
3. Deleted layer of dirt;
4. Firm carbides;
5. Friction factors (temperature, pressure, speed).

II. The superficial layer cleared of pollution possesses the highest chemical activity (owing to the presence of the big number of non compensated links (Fig. 2a), and is practically defenseless to the influence of numerous negative factors accompanying frictional processes. In particular they are easily oxidized with the oxygen dissolved in LM, forming oxides. Firm oxides films are fragile, not capable to be deformed repeatedly and easily broken in a zone of dynamic contact of the interfaced surfaces, leading to abrasive and corrosion deterioration process of the latter (Fig. 2b).


Figure II. – The scheme of oxide films formation on the metal surfaces.

A: Non compensated links of the superficial layer, leading to its high chemical activity:

1. Metall crystalloid structure;
2. Non compensated links;
3. Friction factors.


B: The scheme of oxidation of the metal surface by the dissolved oxygen and formation of oxides of МехОy type:

1. Metall crystalloid structure (grey color – by-the-surface metal layer);
2. Friction factors.

Launched mechanisms of selective adsorption, owing to high value of an anion charge of the active component, clean the metal surface repeatedly from the oxides and other films, "building it up" with the most complicated cellular structure of cubeoctaedric form (silicon oxygen and aluminum oxygen tetrahedrons connected by oxygen bridges). Process of "building" is more intensive when the metal surface is less protected as these places have high density of non compensated links; (that is the composition finds "weak" places on a protected surface by itself - "thinks", preserves it).

The emptiness forming between polyeders, are the areas of abnormally high absorption activity, effectively keeping a lubricant.



Figure III. – Molecular monoblock of the third body, formed on a surface of the lubricant composition “Suprotec”.

1. Polyeders (silicon oxygen and aluminum oxygen tetrahedrons);
2. Oxygen bridges;
3. The cells filled by a lubricant.

Such structures are chemically stable, possess high iono-exchange properties (cationits) and are inert enough in relation to chemically excited environments that is very important as while working LM "is growing old"; its acid number raises. However in the alkaline environment the structure of the third body (of the protective film) dissolves a bit, reducing resistibility to shift deformations (fig. 4a).

3. Alkaline and alkaline-ground metals kations, getting in LC solution, connect hydroksyle groups and oxygen, forming the basic compositions - making a solution a bit alkaline (raising its washing properties); that leads to a bit of dissolving of the surface of the formed protective film, in such a way realizing the principle of a positive gradient of mechanical properties of the protective surface (Fig. 4b).




Figure IV – The scheme of formation of the protective metallplacking layer.

A : The scheme of completion of a crystal lattice of a firm body:

1. Superficial oxide film;
2. The surface cleared from oxides (with the replaced structure);
3. Protective structure;
4. Cavities ("pockets"), filled with LM.

The scheme of tribochemical transformations occurring with the protective structure:

1. A bit dissolved superficial layer;
2. Tribochemical reactions leading to dissolution of the surface of the film;
3. Lubricant.
4. The layer of the metal oversated with dispositions is formed under the protective structure. It arisies owing to the influence on it of the groups of molecules, making kvasiPAVs. It results, due to the effect of Rebinder, into the formation of the layer possessing ultralow resistance to deformation of shift. The latter in collective interaction with the structure, having abnormally high absorption abilities creates on the surface of friction unique conditions for the development of extremely low levels of the friction coefficient and the intensity of deterioration.

Thus, the cumulative scheme of the arisen protective structure looks like this:



Figure V – The scheme of the protective structure.

1. Volume of metal;
2. Absoption plastified layer of the protected metal surface;
3. Protecting layer (the third body), having the highest antifriction dempfying characteristics;
4. A bit dissolved surface of the third body.

1. The generated antifrictional film has dielectric properties preserving the surface from electroerosive destruction. The matter is that electric phenomena appear at frictional interaction between the interfaced surfaces.

A: In most cases electrization of the bodies at friction is caused by the so-called contact electrization, and process of friction itself leads to increase in contacting areas.
B: Except for contact electrization it is necessary to bear in mind the opportunity of local accumulation of charges due to their mechanical division and formation of DES.
C: The electrokinetic phenomena cause the occurrence of a potential difference at movement of particles in narrow cracks (bearings of sliding) and their subsidence on the surface of friction (potential of subsidence). Two rubbing metal surfaces are considered as conductors, electrically isolated from each other by a layer of dielectric (LM). Such judgment allows to present them as the condenser which capacity depends on thickness of a lubricant layer. At movement of each against the other owing to presence of roughness of the surface, high pressures, small volume of LM in a backlash, or due to other defects, a dot contact appears on the surface of tribo interface.

During a divergence of dot contacts hydrodynamical effects of expression from a zone of friction of LM and, as consequence, formations of current-carrying bridges from products of erosion are shown. It is similar to electric breakdown between facings of the condenser, and even at small currents, in view of the small actual area of contact (at a level of individual microroughness), results into the situation when its density reaches very big values.

It leads to some melting (processes of microwelding) and interaction of materials of contacting bodies; in the result there is an electroerosive destruction of the latter - high levels of deterioration.

The material of a protective body – dielectric therefore does not suppose succession of events under the above described scheme. All electric processes "become isolated" at the levels corresponding to bysurface layers of the given material and if the phenomenon of breakdown is nevertheless observed, the changes generated by it, cover only the marked volume of the protective structure. Which electroerosive destruction if it takes place - strengthens exoelectronic emission that leads to additional inflow of electrons of "high energy" to the bysurface layer of LM, providing additional decomposition of its structure into ions (additional masstransfer) - creating favorable conditions for formation of a new protective surface (see i. II/3).

2. Mutual influence of components of the structure entering into the structure of metalplacking film on the protected surface causes formation on a site of its adhesion – a galvanic pair. The polarizing effects proceeding in a zone of contact of marked elements (it is necessary to note, that the basic component of metalplacking film is that has identical polarizing effect both on steel and on the majority of surfaces of nonferrous metals) create on a surface of friction a barrier for inside penetration of metal of hydrogen and thus ingibate hydrogen deterioration of the working elements of engines which is one of principal causes of their destruction.